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Cryptographers' Feedback on the EU Digital Identity's ARF (Baum et al. 2024)

Last modified: 2026-10-23

URL: https://github.com/user-attachments/files/15904122/cryptographers-feedback.pdf

Summary

Open statement (June 2024) by a group of cryptographers arguing that the EUDI Wallet's Architecture and Reference Framework, built on SD-JWT/mdoc with conventional signatures, cannot meet the unlinkability and privacy requirements of the eIDAS 2.0 regulation. It recommends adopting anonymous credentials, specifically the BBS family, arguing they are a mature, well-analysed and standardization-ready technology. A key policy document motivating ZKP-based designs for European and Swiss e-ID.

Related resources

• An Architecture for Distributed Digital Identities in the Physical World (Mayrhofer, Roland, Höller, Hofer, Lins 2025) (paper, 2025)
• Device Binding for Anonymous Credentials on Legacy Phones (Lehmann, Zacharakis 2026) (paper, 2026)
• On the (Privacy) Harms of the European Digital Identity Framework (Knabenhans, Veitch, Raynal, Stadler, Chatel, Lueks, Troncoso 2026) (paper, 2026)
• SoK: Anonymous Credentials for Digital Identity Wallets (Bormann, Lehmann 2026) (paper, 2026)