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Designated-Verifier Dynamic zk-SNARKs with Applications to Dynamic Proofs of Index (Wang et al. 2026)¶
Summary¶
Introduces designated-verifier dynamic zk-SNARKs: a zk-SNARK augmented with an efficient update algorithm where only a designated verifier holding secret verification state can be convinced. Constructs a dynamic proof of index — a SNARK certifying consistency between a digest of a set and a digest of its sorted index — that can be updated in sublinear time as the underlying set changes. Applies the construction to verifiable dynamic database outsourcing, enabling a client to maintain verifiable indices for efficient query answering after outsourcing.