Home > Resources > papers > SAKK25-ZKP-Frameworks-Survey

Zero-Knowledge Proof Frameworks: A Systematic Survey (Sheybani, Ahmed, Kinsy, Koushanfar 2025)

Last modified: 2026-10-27

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2502.07063 · URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07063

Summary

Surveys and benchmarks 25 general-purpose open-source ZKP frameworks, assessing usability and performance on SHA-256 and matrix-multiplication workloads, and ships Docker containers with working development environments for each. It concludes with recommendations for choosing a ZKP setting per application scenario. Useful as a practical starting point for selecting a framework, e.g. for e-ID credential circuits.

Related resources

• General-Purpose Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Verifiable Credentials (Mombelli 2025) (paper, 2025)
• SoK: Understanding zk-SNARKs: The Gap Between Research and Practice (Liang et al. 2025) (paper, 2025)