Skip to content

Home > Resources > papers > QCY21-Blind-ECDSA

One-more Unforgeability of Blind ECDSA (Qin, Cai, Yuen 2021)

Last modified: 2026-10-27

Summary

Gives the first formal security analysis of one-more unforgeability for blind ECDSA, where the issuer signs without seeing the message and the user obtains a standard ECDSA signature. Describes an ROS-style attack (the ECDSA-ROS problem), a generic construction from additively homomorphic encryption plus a ZK proof (about 40x more bandwidth-efficient than prior work), and a proof in a new algebraic bijective random oracle model. Relevant for e-ID because it shows how blind, unlinkable issuance could be retrofitted onto the ECDSA infrastructure already deployed in wallets and secure elements.